Bridge rehabilitation september 2008 221 chapter 22 bridge rehabilitation chapter 22 presents ndots practices and policies for bridge rehabilitation and bridge widening. Cracking of newly placed binary portland cementslag concrete adjacent to bridge deck expansion dam replacements has been observed on several newly rehabilitated sections of bridge decks. This results in corrosion of the reinforcing steel and scaling of. Do not repair minor spalls in the top flange provided that the area is to be filled with concrete or grout in the completed bridge deck. Iowa dot has been using epoxy resin injections to prevent overlay delamination and extend bridge deck service life. The district will supply a deck sounding plot for a deck repair or overlay project, the. New jersey department of transportation po 600 trenton, nj 08625 federal highway administration u. The deterioration of bridge decks has been identified as a major problem in indiana. This degradation often requires costly maintenance or repair, and can shorten the service. The shotcrete was spray applied and sculpted by hand to generate the desired structural appearance and aesthetic results on the bridges. Bridge preservation treatments and best practices purdue epubs. Most bridge floor slabs are constructed as reinforced concrete.
Linear cracking in bridge decks virginia department of. The causes of early age cracking are varied but are primarily attributed to. January 25, 2019 purpose this manual includes stepbystep repair procedures for use on new and existing concrete members cast. The rabit bridge deck assessment tool features two nde technologies that can identify corrosive environments. Deck slab repair illinois department of transportation. An epoxy injection repair is illustrated in figure 8. Cracking has been shown to occur in various climates and geographical areas and can be seen on various types of superstructures. Deicing chemicals placed on the road mix with water and enter the deck through cracks and the pore structure of the concrete. Nysdot bridge maintenance has historically had issues with concrete bridge decks that develop cracks which can lead to premature failure of the structural deck system. This manual provides the designer a guide to select deck evaluation methods, interpret the findings, and select treatment strategies.
Continued monitoring of the bridge deck on i80 near grinnellwillbe necessary to determine the longevity of the. The work shall be done according to the applicable. Maintenance and preservation techniques for bridge decks and. Reinforced to repair and reinforce bridge vents and columns near exit on interstate 95, along which was established in 1956 and runs along the east coast between florida and maine. The top and bottom of the crack is covered with epoxy and injection ports are placed at intervals not less than the depth of the crack.
As the basis for the trs, the mn dot library conducted two literature searches and provided the results to american engineering testing, inc. The restored bridge deck is expected to last 20 years. Sketch of typical crack locations and numbers figure 3. Concrete repair manual crm texas department of transportation. These are often referred to as alligator cracks or spider webs. Roadware 10 minute concrete mender is great repairing surface cracks in a bridge deck. Dots and municipalities with regard to concrete bridge deck rehabilitation. Control and repair of bridge deck cracking by robert j. Concrete bridge repair castinplace, grouting, epoxy injection, precast blocks and polymer bearing pads are just a few of the typical repair techniques employed by our crews to correct defective concrete. Largescale deck repair or replacement work should typically include projectspecific plans and be in accordance with item 422, concrete superstructures. Repair cracks in bridge decks with concrete mender.
State of the practice southeast bridge preservation partnership april 14, 2011 raleigh, nc presented by michael c. Inspection of concrete bridge decks with asphalt overlays. Repair large spalls using an approved patching material. This section covers bridge deck repairs over relatively small areas. Evidence from various dot surveys, and field observations was presented to. Iowa dot s bridge deck epoxy resin injection process. This research effort is a strategic attempt to reduce or eliminate random cracking that is caused by restrained shrinkage in new concrete bridge decks. Department of transportation has been plagued with this distress in their hpc concrete bridge decks. This guide manual describes the causes of pattern and linear cracks in recently constructed hydraulic cement concrete bridge decks and. Repairing bridge deck cracks concrete construction magazine. Bridge deck cracking investigation and repair vidal velez vargas. Special specification 4425 concrete bridge deck repair. Trais the university of akron 302 buchtel common akron, oh 44325 sjn 4708 11. The report recognizes endofbeam cracking in troubleshooting, item 4.
Cause and control of transverse cracking in concrete. Cracking of bridge decks poses a significant threat to the lifespan of our nations bridges. Proposed evaluation and repair procedures for precast. Bridge deck rehabilitation projects are frequently subject to large variations between the amount of deck repair shown on the plans and the actual deck repair work completed. Concrete restoration concrete repair, sealer, coatings.
Here you will find guidance and recommendations for bridge construction. This work shall consist of hotmix asphalt surface removal, when required, the removal and disposal of all loose and deteriorated concrete from bridge deck and the replacement with new concrete to the original top of deck. The flowandgo application along with the 10 minute cure time allow repair crews to get on and off the bridge quickly. Often these cracks appear before or shortly after opening the bridge to live loads. Nchrp synthesis project 500 control of concrete cracking in bridges chapters. As a result, rebar starts to corrode and concrete begins to crack and disintegrate. A factor termed the crack ratedefined as ten times the cracking divided by the bridge widthwas established. Construction coatings technical data and safety information tk products.
The bridge deck is the roadway portion of a bridge, including shoulders. The shotcrete was spray applied and sculpted by hand to generate the desired structural appearance and aesthetic results on. Rettner, primary author american engineering testing, inc. Longitudinal cracking in concrete at bridge deck dams on. One of the first signs of bridge deck deterioration is cracking. A thesis submitted to the department of civil engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of. Our technology has created top performing products that aid contractors in curing, protecting, restoring or beautifying concrete properly. The recommendations will be documented in the siims database. Cracks in the deck create a path for water and deicing salts to reach the steel, often. Bridge preservation strategies keep joints maintained, cleaned and sealed open up concrete pavement joints deck crack sealing concrete structure repair spot painting overlays. Evaluation of ultra guard safety system on guardrails and barrier walls.
The epoxy is injected from one port until it exits the adjacent port. This material is to be used for training purposes only. Some of the procedures, field tests, and other operating procedures as described within these pages may. Epoxy injection method is used for cracks as narrow as 0. Virginia department of transportation guide manual for causes and repair of cracks in bridge decks september 25, 2009 part 1 general this guide manual describes the causes of pattern and linear cracks in recently constructed hydraulic cement concrete bridge decks and overlays and recommends repairs for filling and sealing the cracks. Nysdot bridge maintenance has sought simple, low cost solutions that could be applied by state maintenance forces and in short time frame department of transportation. Types and causes of concrete cracking in bridges 3. Bridge deck repairs will be measured by the square foot of surface area for the various classes of repairs class i, ii and iii. Seal concrete deck cracks using a sealer according to the type of cracks.
Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after. Crack and concrete bridge deck sealant performance author. Previous projects conducted by others have identified several potential causes for cracking of concrete bridge decks and deck overlays, which typically occur whenever the tensile stresses. Causes of early age cracking on concrete bridge deck. Minimization of cracking in new concrete bridge decks. Continuous span structural slab bridge, bridge deck s cracking, crack width, epoxy coated bars,s load testing, fiber. The product functions as both a deck and crack sealer, although.
University of north florida college of computing, engineering, and. The bridge maintenance and inspection unit will make recommendations for repair based on biennial inspections. Impactecho test methods allow the measurement of thickness profiles and the detection of voids, honeycombing, cracks, delaminations, and other damage in concrete bridge decks with asphalt overlays 110. Construction of the seven mile bridge was completed by the florida dot. The bridge deck can thus be opened to traffic only 8 hours after construction starts on the ves overlaya fraction of the time needed for a conventional overlay. Repair any cracks in the top flange using epoxy injection crack repair methods. Michigan department of transportation bijan khaleghi. Cause and control of transverse cracking in concrete bridge decks. Crack leaching indicates the cracks are full depth. For this project, power concrete placed and finished the overlay in 54 long by 15 wide passes in 20 minutes. Asphalt pavement thermal crack maintenance best management practice.
The primary cause of this deterioration is salt water ingress from the application of deicing salts during the winter. Cracking behavior of structural slab bridge decks january 2015 6. February 2014 research project final report 201409. Bridge deck patching 1 us department of transportation. Development of a costeffective concrete bridge deck. A bridge floor is the entire length of the bridge from the roadway side of the mudwall or pile cap to the other roadway side of the mudwall or pile cap and the entire width from one coping edge across to the other coping edge. The technique generally consists of establishing entry and venting ports at close intervals along the cracks, sealing the crack on exposed surfaces, and injecting the. Cracks can allow increased penetration of chlorides, which can result in premature corrosion of the reinforcing steel and subsequent spalling of the concrete deck. Dot overlay fills all partial and full depth repair areas and places a new. Richmond, va 23219 federal highway administration 400 north 8th street, room 750. Hmwm and epoxy healer sealers for crack sealing and repair of older. Cracks on florida bridge decks with steel girders material failure investigation tasks.
Concrete cracking in bridge decks remains an important issue relative to deck durability. A total of thirteen deck sealants and ten crack sealants were selected for study under laboratory conditions that simulated the exposure to deicing salts and freezethaw cycles encountered in practice. The dot used this technique on the bridge bearing braddock road over interstate 495 in northern virginia. Bridge deck cracking investigation and repair unf digital. In the philippines, crews often work at night when traffic is low and working conditions are cooler. Frequency of cip deck cracking nearly one quarter of the agencies reported that cracks occurred infrequently. From pier shafts over major rivers to bearing seats, there are many unique ways to repair bridges that will minimize track interruptions. Nysdot bridge maintenance has sought simple, low cost solutions that could be applied by state maintenance forces and in short time frame bridge deck. Our full line of concrete patches, cementitious floor repair mortars, grouts, epoxies, and more, are suitable for every concrete restoration application concrete is one of the most durable building materials that man has ever developed, but as tough as it is, concrete, at some point in its life, will need to be repaired. Guide manual for causes and repair of cracks in bridge deck vdot. Many times bridge decks have more cracks than is practical, from a cost and downtime perspective, to be repaired by crack injection. The deck may be cracked through the entire depth of the concrete slab or cracked only in the unbonded concrete overlay. With more than 150 manufacturing locations through the united states, puerto rico, canada and south america, the quikrete. Meadows is your source for all your concrete restoration needs.
The agency has now undertaken a research project to document the effectiveness of the process and has issued an interim report and a tech transfer document. Repair of precast, prestressed concrete bridge products. Products fhwa home us department of transportation. Nondestructive testing to identify concrete bridge deck. Sealing cracks on bridge decks changes to section 4 of. Bridge deck, concrete cracking, field inspections, longterm performance. Department of transportation or the federal highway administration. The primary use of this section is to address unanticipated localized bridge deck damage that typically must be. As older, unreinforced concrete members begin to show their age, koppers railroad structures is at the forefront with innovative methods to maintain current structures and increase their carrying capability. A baseline for an accelerated bridge deck joint replacement was established by observing various joint repair and rehabilitation construction projects including a staged weekend replacement. Traffic can be returned to the bridge in just 10 minutes after application. The aci has a specification that can be used for crack repair by epoxy injection 6. Research projects north dakota department of transportation. We pride ourselves on being a onestop shop for concrete construction product solutions.
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